v_enframe

PURPOSE ^

V_ENFRAME split signal up into (overlapping) frames: one per row. [F,T]=(X,WIN,HOP)

SYNOPSIS ^

function [f,t,w]=v_enframe(x,win,hop,m,fs)

DESCRIPTION ^

V_ENFRAME split signal up into (overlapping) frames: one per row. [F,T]=(X,WIN,HOP)

 Usage:  (1) f=v_enframe(x,n)                          % split into frames of length n
         (2) f=v_enframe(x,hamming(n,'periodic'),n/4)  % use a 75% overlapped Hamming window of length n
         (3) calculate spectrogram in units of power per Hz

               W=hamming(NW);                      % analysis window (NW = fft length)
               P=v_enframe(S,W,HOP,'sdp',FS);        % computer first half of PSD (HOP = frame increment in samples)

         (3) frequency domain frame-based processing:

               S=...;                              % input signal
               OV=2;                               % overlap factor of 2 (4 is also often used)
               NW=160;                             % DFT window length
               W=sqrt(hamming(NW,'periodic'));     % omit sqrt if OV=4
               [F,T,WS]=v_enframe(S,W,1/OV,'fa');    % do STFT: one row per time frame, +ve frequencies only
               ... process frames ...
               X=v_overlapadd(v_irfft(F,NW,2),WS,HOP); % reconstitute the time waveform with scaled window (omit "X=" to plot waveform)

  Inputs:   x    input signal
          win    window or window length in samples
          hop    frame increment or hop in samples or fraction of window [window length]
            m    mode input:
                  'z'  zero pad to fill up final frame
                  'r'  reflect last few samples for final frame
                  'A'  calculate the t output as the centre of mass
                  'E'  calculate the t output as the centre of energy
                  'f'  perform a 1-sided dft on each frame (like v_rfft)
                  'F'  perform a 2-sided dft on each frame using fft
                  'p'  calculate the 1-sided power/energy spectrum of each frame
                  'P'  calculate the 2-sided power/energy spectrum of each frame
                  'a'  scale window to give unity gain with overlap-add
                  's'  scale window so that power is preserved: sum(mean(v_enframe(x,win,hop,'sp'),1))=mean(x.^2)
                  'S'  scale window so that total energy is preserved: sum(sum(v_enframe(x,win,hop,'Sp')))=sum(x.^2)
                  'd'  make options 's' and 'S' give power/energy per Hz: sum(mean(v_enframe(x,win,hop,'sp'),1))*fs/length(win)=mean(x.^2)
           fs    sample frequency (only needed for 'd' option) [1]

 Outputs:   f    enframed data - one frame per row
            t    fractional time in samples at the centre of each frame
                 with the first sample being 1.
            w    window function used

 By default, the number of frames will be rounded down to the nearest
 integer and the last few samples of x() will be ignored unless its length
 is lw more than a multiple of hop. If the 'z' or 'r' options are given,
 the number of frame will instead be rounded up and no samples will be ignored.

CROSS-REFERENCE INFORMATION ^

This function calls: This function is called by:

SOURCE CODE ^

0001 function [f,t,w]=v_enframe(x,win,hop,m,fs)
0002 %V_ENFRAME split signal up into (overlapping) frames: one per row. [F,T]=(X,WIN,HOP)
0003 %
0004 % Usage:  (1) f=v_enframe(x,n)                          % split into frames of length n
0005 %         (2) f=v_enframe(x,hamming(n,'periodic'),n/4)  % use a 75% overlapped Hamming window of length n
0006 %         (3) calculate spectrogram in units of power per Hz
0007 %
0008 %               W=hamming(NW);                      % analysis window (NW = fft length)
0009 %               P=v_enframe(S,W,HOP,'sdp',FS);        % computer first half of PSD (HOP = frame increment in samples)
0010 %
0011 %         (3) frequency domain frame-based processing:
0012 %
0013 %               S=...;                              % input signal
0014 %               OV=2;                               % overlap factor of 2 (4 is also often used)
0015 %               NW=160;                             % DFT window length
0016 %               W=sqrt(hamming(NW,'periodic'));     % omit sqrt if OV=4
0017 %               [F,T,WS]=v_enframe(S,W,1/OV,'fa');    % do STFT: one row per time frame, +ve frequencies only
0018 %               ... process frames ...
0019 %               X=v_overlapadd(v_irfft(F,NW,2),WS,HOP); % reconstitute the time waveform with scaled window (omit "X=" to plot waveform)
0020 %
0021 %  Inputs:   x    input signal
0022 %          win    window or window length in samples
0023 %          hop    frame increment or hop in samples or fraction of window [window length]
0024 %            m    mode input:
0025 %                  'z'  zero pad to fill up final frame
0026 %                  'r'  reflect last few samples for final frame
0027 %                  'A'  calculate the t output as the centre of mass
0028 %                  'E'  calculate the t output as the centre of energy
0029 %                  'f'  perform a 1-sided dft on each frame (like v_rfft)
0030 %                  'F'  perform a 2-sided dft on each frame using fft
0031 %                  'p'  calculate the 1-sided power/energy spectrum of each frame
0032 %                  'P'  calculate the 2-sided power/energy spectrum of each frame
0033 %                  'a'  scale window to give unity gain with overlap-add
0034 %                  's'  scale window so that power is preserved: sum(mean(v_enframe(x,win,hop,'sp'),1))=mean(x.^2)
0035 %                  'S'  scale window so that total energy is preserved: sum(sum(v_enframe(x,win,hop,'Sp')))=sum(x.^2)
0036 %                  'd'  make options 's' and 'S' give power/energy per Hz: sum(mean(v_enframe(x,win,hop,'sp'),1))*fs/length(win)=mean(x.^2)
0037 %           fs    sample frequency (only needed for 'd' option) [1]
0038 %
0039 % Outputs:   f    enframed data - one frame per row
0040 %            t    fractional time in samples at the centre of each frame
0041 %                 with the first sample being 1.
0042 %            w    window function used
0043 %
0044 % By default, the number of frames will be rounded down to the nearest
0045 % integer and the last few samples of x() will be ignored unless its length
0046 % is lw more than a multiple of hop. If the 'z' or 'r' options are given,
0047 % the number of frame will instead be rounded up and no samples will be ignored.
0048 %
0049 
0050 % Bugs/Suggestions:
0051 %  (1) Possible additional mode options:
0052 %        'u'  modify window for first and last few frames to ensure WOLA
0053 %        'a'  normalize window to give a mean of unity after overlaps
0054 %        'e'  normalize window to give an energy of unity after overlaps
0055 %        'wm' use Hamming window
0056 %        'wn' use Hanning window
0057 %        'x'  hoplude all frames that hoplude any of the x samples
0058 
0059 %       Copyright (C) Mike Brookes 1997-2014
0060 %      Version: $Id: v_enframe.m 10865 2018-09-21 17:22:45Z dmb $
0061 %
0062 %   VOICEBOX is a MATLAB toolbox for speech processing.
0063 %   Home page: http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/hp/staff/dmb/voicebox/voicebox.html
0064 %
0065 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
0066 %   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
0067 %   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
0068 %   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
0069 %   (at your option) any later version.
0070 %
0071 %   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
0072 %   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
0073 %   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
0074 %   GNU General Public License for more details.
0075 %
0076 %   You can obtain a copy of the GNU General Public License from
0077 %   http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html or by writing to
0078 %   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
0079 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
0080 
0081 nx=length(x(:));
0082 if nargin<2 || isempty(win)
0083     win=nx;
0084 end
0085 if nargin<4 || isempty(m)
0086     m='';
0087 end
0088 nwin=length(win);
0089 if nwin == 1
0090     lw = win;
0091     w = ones(1,lw);
0092 else
0093     lw = nwin;
0094     w = win(:).';
0095 end
0096 if (nargin < 3) || isempty(hop)
0097     hop = lw; % if no hop given, make non-overlapping
0098 elseif hop<1
0099     hop=lw*hop;
0100 end
0101 if any(m=='a')
0102     w=w*sqrt(hop/sum(w.^2)); % scale to give unity gain for overlap-add
0103 elseif any(m=='s')
0104     w=w/sqrt(w*w'*lw);
0105 elseif any(m=='S')
0106     w=w/sqrt(w*w'*lw/hop);
0107 end
0108 if any(m=='d') % scale to give power/energy densities
0109     if nargin<5 || isempty(fs)
0110         w=w*sqrt(lw);
0111     else
0112         w=w*sqrt(lw/fs);
0113     end
0114 end
0115 nli=nx-lw+hop;
0116 nf = max(fix(nli/hop),0);   % number of full frames
0117 na=nli-hop*nf+(nf==0)*(lw-hop);       % number of samples left over
0118 fx=nargin>3 && (any(m=='z') || any(m=='r')) && na>0; % need an extra row
0119 f=zeros(nf+fx,lw);
0120 indf= hop*(0:(nf-1)).';
0121 inds = (1:lw);
0122 if fx
0123     f(1:nf,:) = x(indf(:,ones(1,lw))+inds(ones(nf,1),:));
0124     if any(m=='r')
0125         ix=1+mod(nf*hop:nf*hop+lw-1,2*nx);
0126         f(nf+1,:)=x(ix+(ix>nx).*(2*nx+1-2*ix));
0127     else
0128         f(nf+1,1:nx-nf*hop)=x(1+nf*hop:nx);
0129     end
0130     nf=size(f,1);
0131 else
0132     f(:) = x(indf(:,ones(1,lw))+inds(ones(nf,1),:));
0133 end
0134 if (nwin > 1)   % if we have a non-unity window
0135     f = f .* w(ones(nf,1),:);
0136 end
0137 if any(lower(m)=='p') % 'pP' = calculate the power spectrum
0138     f=fft(f,[],2);
0139     f=real(f.*conj(f));
0140     if any(m=='p')
0141         imx=fix((lw+1)/2); % highest replicated frequency
0142         f(:,2:imx)=f(:,2:imx)+f(:,lw:-1:lw-imx+2);
0143         f=f(:,1:fix(lw/2)+1);
0144     end
0145 elseif any(lower(m)=='f') % 'fF' = take the DFT
0146     f=fft(f,[],2);
0147     if any(m=='f')
0148         f=f(:,1:fix(lw/2)+1);
0149     end
0150 end
0151 if nargout>1
0152     if any(m=='E')
0153         t0=sum((1:lw).*w.^2)/sum(w.^2);
0154     elseif any(m=='A')
0155         t0=sum((1:lw).*w)/sum(w);
0156     else
0157         t0=(1+lw)/2;
0158     end
0159     t=t0+hop*(0:(nf-1)).';
0160 end
0161 
0162

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