Professor Pal is internationally renowned for prize-winning research in wind farm modelling and control, and monitoring and control of power systems leading to high-impact industrial applications. His patented research on synchronization and stability of wind farms has been adopted in the North Sea wind farm interconnection design. His work for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is having a global impact in reducing carbon emissions in electricity generation and transmission. His suggested methodology for carbon emission and energy loss calculations has been adopted by UNFCCC for evaluating all clean development mechanism projects. Professor Pal has senior editorial responsibilities in IEEE and is the developer of one of the IEEE's benchmark power system models. He has introduced a multivariable robust damping control framework to power system employing fast high-power electronic controllers widely known to the power community as FACTS controllers. He has tackled the problem of poorly damped electromechanical oscillations of interconnected power network through robustly designed control techniques. The research has received sustained support from power companies and utilities. The Engineering and Physical Research Council (EPSRC, UK) has rated his research internationally leading in quality and dissemination and outstanding in grant management and training of researchers. The IET, UK has recognized his research through journal annual premium prize and Fellowship of the IET. The IEEE has honoured him with IEEE Distinguish Lecture in power transmission and control. His research in robust control has benefitted the R&D programme of ABB, a power transmission control equipment manufacturing company. This has catalysed to establish a strategic Imperial-ABB research partnership at Imperial College London. Besides his main research interest in robust power transmission control, he has been very active in power system computation; particularly in power system state estimation, wide area monitoring and wind farm modelling. He has developed statistical techniques to modelling and placement of measurements for state estimation purpose that has generated significant interest in the community. Besides several high-quality journal publications, the research has benefited power distribution companies such as UK Power Networks.

At Imperial College, he delivers a highly receptive teaching in power engineering area. He has also succeeded in promoting power engineering as career option to students by way of securing 35 industry scholarships for undergraduate students. He developed and ran (2014-2019) a brand new MSc program in Future Power Networks in Imperial College London as its founding director for first five years.

Besides his research, Prof Pal made significant contribution for the development of the professional community. He has visited more than 10 countries to deliver more than 20 invited lecture as an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer. He has demonstrated his leadership as the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy and the Editor-in-Chief of the IET journal of Generation, Transmission and Distribution and in promoting high impact research publication in power engineering. At Imperial College London, he has organized many professional courses and workshops that have mainly benefitted researchers and practising engineers from the Europe.

Key contributions